History Book
You will work with your group to create a book on the History of Oceanography. While creating the book, your team will research major contributors to oceanography beginning with ancient history and ending with the modern day (Twentieth Century) oceanography. Click below for a template of your book. You can copy and paste in a google doc, then delete and fill in your information wherever it says “responses to questions in paragraph form”. Do not write the question, just responses to the questions. The benefit of a google doc is that each team member can work on different sections at a time! The more information you provide in the book, the more information you will have on the test! When finished writing the book, review the pages that each chapter falls on and complete the page number column on the title page. Submit completed book on google classroom. Only ONE book submission per group. I recommend using the blue LIFE ON AN OCEAN PLANET book to get your information.
Book Template
Time Periods:
I. Ancient History (5000 BC - 800 AD)
Prehistory and the Rise of Seafaring
II. The Middle Ages (800 AD – 1400AD)
The European Middle Ages
III. European Age of Discovery (1400 - 1700)
The End of the Middle Ages and a Route Around Africa
IV. Birth of Marine Science (1700 - 1900)
Cook’s Expeditions
V. Twentieth-Century Marine Science (1900 - present)
The Oceanography Explosion
Book Template
Time Periods:
I. Ancient History (5000 BC - 800 AD)
Prehistory and the Rise of Seafaring
- What were the three primary reasons for early civilization to interact with the ocean?
- When was the first recorded sea voyage and by what civilization?
- What did the phoenicians contribute to ocean exploration?
- What was the significance of eary polynesian seafaring?
- What did ancient explorers navigate near shore and in the open ocean?
- What major ocean discovery is credited to the Greek Pytheas?
- What two major contributions are credited to the Greek Eratosthenes?
- What were the significances of the maps of Herodotus, Strabo, and Ptolemy?
II. The Middle Ages (800 AD – 1400AD)
The European Middle Ages
- What effect did the middle ages have on knowledge of geography and science?
- What climate change affected Scandinavia in the 9th Century? What was the significane of this change to exploration?
- By the year 1125 the chinese were responsible for inventing what important navigation tool?
- What two technological innnovations did Chinsese ships have by the mid 1400s?
III. European Age of Discovery (1400 - 1700)
The End of the Middle Ages and a Route Around Africa
- What were the primary motivations that led to the ocean explorations of the 15th century?
- What three explorers established the route around the Cape of Good Hope to India?
- What was the purpose of Christopher Columbus’ four expeditions?
- Who is credited as being the first European to recognize that South America was a New Continent?
- Who was Vasco Nunez de Balboa’s accomplishment?
- Who led the first expedition around the world? Over what years did the voyage take place?
- Who let the second expedition around the world? Over what years did the voyage take place?
IV. Birth of Marine Science (1700 - 1900)
Cook’s Expeditions
- In what ways did the voyages of James Cook differ from those of sea explorers before him?
- What invention in 1735 was a major breakthrough for open-ocean navigation?
- What geographical discoveries did the Cook expeditions make?
- Which continent did the United States Exploring Expedition prove exists?
- Why do we remember Matthe Maury as the father of physical oceanography?
- How did Darwin explain the formation of coral reefs?
- What theory did Darwin propose as a result of his observations during the H.M.S. Beagle expedition?
- What expeditions is commonly recognized as the first devoted entirely to marine science?
- What accomplishments and discoveries did the H.M.S. Gahllenger make?
V. Twentieth-Century Marine Science (1900 - present)
The Oceanography Explosion
- What change led to the growth and expansion of modern oceanography in the 20th Century?
- For what accomplishments do we recognize the German Meteor expedition?
- What was the significance of the Atlantis?
- What noted Discovery did the second H.M.S. Challenger make?
- How have submersibles and sel-contained diving change the study of the oceans?
- What are the three types of submersibles that have been used for underwater research?
- What are the advantages and disadantages of submersibles and scuba?
- What other technology has expanded underwater research?
- How have Loran-C and GPS benefited Seafaring and Oceanography?
- What are three types of sea surface observations that satellites can make to benefit oceanographers?